Effects Of Alcohol On White Matter Development Essay

One limitation of the available literature on adolescent and the affect of alcohol consumption on white matter development is the confounding factor of marijuana and other drugs usage in conjunction to alcohol (Elofson et al., 2013). This confounding factor makes it difficult to isolate the effect of alcohol alone. The co-occurrence of marijuana use is significant among adolescents (Falk, Yi, Hiller-Sturmhà ¶fel, 2008) and as such it is hard to separate which substance affects what. Additionally, alcohol-using adolescents commonly report significantly higher rates of cigarette smoking and other drug compared to controls (De Bellis et al., 2008; Jacobus et al., 2009). While these factors are often controlled for within the study, the contribution of these drugs to white matter integrity remains unclear. Another limitation regarding our understanding of the effect of alcohol consumption on white matter development is the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders with alcohol users. The Am erican Psychological Association (2015) reported that alcohol use disorders are often comorbid with a number of other psychiatric disorders such as mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and conduct disorder. The high rate of comorbid among AUD adolescents made isolating alcohol’s effect on white matter integrity harder to fully understand. Additionally, there have been studies (Fields, 2008) that suggests white matter abnormalities among individual with major depression, bipolar, PTSD, and OCD.Show MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Drugs And Alcohol994 Words   |  4 PagesAn Adolescent Brain: The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol An adolescent’s brain is not fully grown until approximately 25 years of age. Utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (f MRI), scientific studies, expose that during adolescence every facet of the brain experiences dramatic changes, These changes are not just genetically determined, though are vastly affected by the environment and experiences. 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The Effects of Industrialization on Norway’s Economy,...

The Effects of Industrialization on Norway’s Economy, Environment and Population Up until the beginning of the twentieth century, Norwegians were primarily fisherman and farmers. The fishing industry has been the basis of life and culture in Norway for hundreds of years. The fishing industry is still very important in Norway, however the discovery of oil in the North Sea has had a huge impact on the Norwegian economy and culture. Oil discoveries in the North Sea have made Norway a wealthy nation. Since the discovery of oil, Norway has become a highly industrialized country. Today, Norway has become very modern and technologically advanced. Industrialization is defined as, â€Å" To develop industry in (a country or society, for†¦show more content†¦Today, Norway’s population has grown to 4,455,707. Even though they have grown, they are still far from overcrowded. Norway has the lowest population density in Europe with 12 persons per square kilometer [6]. Norway’s population is growing very slowly, with an annual rate increase of only 3.7% in the year 2000 [6]. The population growth is due in part to immigration and low mortality rates. However, factors such as low birth rates have kept the population from exploding. Immigrants accounted for forty-eight percent of the population growth in Norway between 1986 and 1996 [5]. During that ten-year period, Norway’s immigrant population increased 100,400 [5]. In 1996, the immigrant population was 223,800 and equaled 5.1% of the population. Swedes account for the largest portion of foreigners in Norway [8]. In 1998 there were 24,000 Swedish citizens living in Norway, double the number in 1993 [8]. Norway does attempt to limit the number of foreigners that move to their country. Work permits are limited and highly regulated. Norwegians have typically had a negative attitude toward immigrants. In recent years, many Norwegians have felt that immigrants threaten their nationality, commit more crime, and steal their jobs [9]. This negative attitude toward immigrants has improved slightly, however Norway still has strictShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory. It will be welcomed by organization theory scholars and reflective practitioners and is a valuable companion for scholars and students of organization theory. Henk W. Volberda, Chair of the Department of Strategic Management Business Environment and Vice-Dean of the RSM Erasmus University, Netherlands At last, a text that brings organization theory into the 21st century! This is the first organization theory textbook to provide full and informed coverage of a range of contemporary developments

Relation Between Various Management Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss how Business Management, Service Management and Value Revenue Management will assist Resort Management to achieve Organisational Goal. Answer: Introduction It is the nature of all business to maximize their respective economies of scale to an extent of going from local to international markets. It is worth noting that even while maximizing the level of productivity of the business as the cardinal objective of all enterprises, the production of quality, safe, healthy and reliable goods and services is their unmentioned obligation. In this study, the relationship that exists between business management, service management, value and revenue management and resort management will be discussed ideally to the satisfaction of the reader. Resort Management Objectives Under business resort management, what comes as the core objective is, of course, enjoying marginalized levels of profits. There are several methods that profit can be heightened without necessarily having to constraint consumers. For example, during the initial processes of production, the cost of all expenses can be cut down through product diversification. Diversification of products has the power of utilizing all the available resources that a business has prior to coming up with a finished product (Bennett, 2015). Additionally, when the new products are ready to get into the market, chances are that when consumers reject one, they can gladly accept the other. The second objective of resort management is to develop an attractive product. According to business, one of the greatest techniques that successful entrepreneurs use to beat competition that emanates from the threat of entry of new firms and those that were already in existence is product promotion. Designing a unique and quality commodity or service has the power of attracting more consumers since everyone in the current prorate world wants to go for the most recent and most fitting taste. Moreover, being able to adapt to the new tastes and preferences of consumers of different goods will do the business more justice than harm. The third objective under resort management is developing a skilled and alert workforce. In the set of codes of conduct of being great employees, all personnel is usually advised to develop great work presence such as displaying the ability to work well with others. This is contained under the principle of teamwork. Honesty and respecting each other at all times during and off from work is another critical attribute that all employers would want to see in their employees (Castelluci, 2016). Most importantly, loyalty and provision of quality goods and services form the backbone of a skilled and attentive workforce. Being in a position to respond to a clients needs in time and as requested by the specific client is what determines the professionals from the goofy ones. The final goal of business resort management is the desire to be a sustainable business entity. Wise men have it that everyone dreams of achieving success but only a handful will wake up and demonstrate all that they seek to attain by the end of every financial period. In resort management, claiming a sustainable business entry is simple but the hardest task comes in bringing into practice all the theoretical concepts of achieving success. According to Daniel Goleman, one of the greatest attributes of being a great leader is setting achievable goals and making strategic moves on how best to achieve the set goals. In other words, when the leadership of a resort set achievable goals, chances of attaining his goals run high. Business Management in relation to business resort management The role that business management plays in ensuring that resort management achieves its set objectives is the coordination of all human resource personalities. Business management specializes with the role that human resource management has to play in the general productivity of the business. An analysis of this will reveal that resort management needs to hire qualified employees that have depicted the most desirable traits of a great workforce that can work well in the prevalence of team spirit (Johnston, 2012). In other words, the purpose of business management is to hire and fire. It is prudent to note the fact that of all the objectives that business resort management has, the only one that business management is concerned with is the acquisition of a skilled and attentive workforce. In the service industry, the knowledge that each personnel has is what will determine the level of job position that he or she will occupy (Laudon, 2013). The more skilled an employee turns out to be, the higher his chances of securing a job promotion each financial year. Ideally, a steady and reliable workforce increases the chances of the business in enjoying maximized economies of scale. Service Management in relation to business resort management The ideologies or rather principles of service management uses are more or less the same as those of business management. The only difference between the two is that the former specializes on the human resource department while the latter dwells on the relationship that exists between the business and the outside world. Establishing a business entity that is devoid of any customer relations will reduce the capability of the business to improve its level of productivity (McCrea, 2013). Once this happens, chances of the business running under cannot be overruled. On that note, the objective that service management helps business resort management to attain is ensuring that it becomes a household name. According to a business perspective, a household name is more like a reliable source of whatever content is being offered. On this note, a sustainable operation would suffice just as well. As mentioned in the previous sections of this study, coming up with unique and quality commodities and services is one of the surest ways of achieving sustainable operations. Additionally, trying as much as possible to stay within the jurisdictions of the law is another way to determine the legality and authenticity of the business. Value and Revenue Management The relationship between resort management and revenue management is told during the stage of price determination. For most firms that might be trying new entries in already existing markets, being able to keep to terms with the competition, threats and demands might be a dreaded nightmare (Norman, 2013). This is where the idea of value and revenue comes into question. The two will work hand in hand to determine the approximate value that a given service needs to go based on the preparations that were put in place to ensure that the specific service got the most desired feedback from a consumer. The same applies to all goods while paying attention to all the costs involved prior to coming up with the finished product. That being mentioned, it can be deduced that the goal that this prospect helps business resort management to achieve is making maximized levels of economies of scale. References Bennett, B. (2015). The Business Plan. New York: Lulu.com. Castellucci, F. (2016). The dynamics of position, capability, and market competition. Industrial and Corporate Change. London: Laudon Glachant, J.-M. (2011). Competition, Contracts and Electricity Markets: A New Perspective. Chicago: Edward Elgar Publishing. Johnston, R. E. (2012). The Power of Strategy Innovation a New Way of Linking Creativity and Strategic Planning to Discover Great Business Opportunities. New York: AMACOM. Laudon, K. (2013). E-commerce: Business, Technology, Society. Boston: Addison Wesley. Meiners, R. E. (2014). The Legal Environment of Business. 7th ed. Cincinnati, Ohio: West Legal Studies in Business. McCrea, B. 2017. Developing an Effective Business Plan. London: DigitalPulp Publishing. Norman, G. (2013). Market Structure and Competition Policy: Game-Theoretic Approaches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rosen, A. (2015). The E-commerce Question and Answer Book a Survival Guide for Business Managers. New York, N.Y.: AMACOM. Tirole, J., 2012. Overcoming adverse selection: How public intervention can restore market functioning. New York; The American Economic Review

Sioux Indians, Custers Last Stand Essays - , Term Papers

Sioux Indians, Custer's Last Stand Sioux Indians, Tantanka Yotanka, Custer's Last Stand The Sioux Indians are a large Indian group, located North of Mexico. The actual Sioux name, Nadouessioux means little snakes. The Sioux Indians moved from the east and then ended up near the Mississippi, then moved again to somewhere around Dakota, a little north of Mexico. They referred to themselves as the Otecti Cacowin (Seven Council Fires) because they had 7 council divisions. They were Mdewakantons, Wahpekutes, Wahpetons, Sissetons, Yanktons, Yanktonais, and the Tentons. The Tenton Sioux nomads lived in teepee's and hunted buffalo. They mainly wore buffalo skin, breech clothes, and moccasins. Most of the groups wore similar clothes and also hunted the same food, buffalo, which were plentiful during this time. The Sioux Indians then went battle to with George Custer's infantry. Tantanka Yotanka was the Sioux's leader at the Battle of Little Big Horn. He basically started the battle, when he refused to go to a reservation. Tantanka Yotanka is more commonly known as Sitting Bull. He was a medicine man, and then became the main leader of this battle, which later became the greatest victory ever for the Indians. The Army was then to remove them, and take them to the reservation. They Sioux had around 1,800 to 9,000 warriors, but they really only needed around 4,000 to win the war. But, Custer wasn't aware of how many Indians they had, which is a huge disadvantage. Other Indian groups also joined them like the Blackfoot Sioux and the Sans Arc, some other nomad bands joined them. Lieutenant George A. Custer was born on December 5, 1839 in Harrison Count, Ohio. Custer and his U.S. Army troops went to battle against the Indians. His men totaled around 660 men, which is much much less then the Indians. On June 25th Custer found out where the Indians were approximately. They thought they were around the Little Big Horn River, which flows to the surrounding plains. The attack came to a surprise to the Indians. When the battle began Terry's column, which was in the vicinity of Custer, heard the gunshots, and came to his aid. In the long run, Terry's column wasn't much of a help. Nobody knows exactly how many men were killed, but it was a lot. The total U.S. casualties of the battle were 263 killed, 10 civilians and scouts, and 44 wounded. About 212 of Custer's men were killed. The Sioux later moved to Canada, where they depended on the buffalo for food. Then later, their buffalo supply ran out, and the Indians were left to suffer with little food, in Canada harsh cold winters. History Essays

Baseballs Legend - Jackie Robinson essays

Baseball's Legend - Jackie Robinson essays Imagine yourself in the stands of a baseball game on a spring day. The crowd cheering and the smell of popcorn in the air. The year is 1947 in the city of Brooklyn, New York and youre about to see history in the making. For the first time in history a black man takes the plate. By this doing he is about to break the social status of the black man. But not all are happy about this event. There are some that want things to stay the way it was. Every man is searching for some kind of acceptance in his life. Weather itll be trying to be accepted by his peers or by just himself. In life many just want to be accepted, one person who wanted to be an equal with his peers is Jackie Robinson. Some to consider him to be one of the best baseball players of all time and some just think of him as another Negro thats trying to play a white mans game. Jackie Robinson is the first black man to join the NBL (national baseball league). He joined the Brooklyn Dodgers and not all people are pleased about it. In Time Magazine one man writes, The answer for the Negro is to be found, not in segregation or separation, but by his insistence upon moving into his rightful place, the same place as that of any other American within our society. (White 3) White shows how blacks should be accepted. Jackie Robinson took the field for the very first time on April 12, 1947. At that game the fans ands fellow athletes taunted him. Even though he was taunted he still played very well. He married a beautiful, and white women named Rachel. He became the first black person in the Baseball hall of fame and he retired in 1957. The very first time Jackie Robinson took the plate, he was changing the way of life for all races and inspiring many at the same time. Joe Bostic, from the New York Amsterdam News, said, The most significant sports story of the century was written into the record books today as baseball to ...

A Comparison Of Freud And Fromm Essays - Freudian Psychology

A Comparison Of Freud And Fromm Essays - Freudian Psychology A Comparison Of Freud And Fromm Sigmund Freud was born in Monrovia on May 6,1856. He entered the University of Vienna in 1873 at the age of 17. He finished his degree in 1881. Freud died in England in 1939. He was an active therapist, theorist and writer to the very end. ( Ewen 19-20) Erich Fromm was born four years after Freud in 1900 in Frankfurt, Germany. Unlike Freud, Fromm had no medical training in his background. He received his PHD from the University of Heidelberg and later studied at Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. Erich Fromm died March 16, 1980 in Switzerland. (Ewen 187) While Freud and Fromm were contemporaries and shared some basic beliefs, their approach to most issues varied greatly. Freuds attitude was purely scientific. Fromm desired to humanize things. Fromm accepted the importance of unconscious, biological drives, repression and defense mechanisms, but rejected Freuds theory of id, ego and superego. Fromm did not believe in specific developmental stages. He believed that the growing child slowly learns to distinguish between I and not I, through contact with the environment, notably those involving the parents.(Ewen 194) Fromm contends that personality development continues into adulthood. He believes that if a child keeps up with the increasing feelings of isolation, that anxiety can be kept to a minimal and personality development proceeds normally. Freuds well-known theory is that the personality is determined during the first five years of life. He believes we proceed through a series of psychosexual stages: oral, anal, urethral, phallic, a latency period and genital. Freud contends that the genital stage is the goal of normal development and that it represents true maturity. ( Hansen 25-26) Fromm warns against pathogenic behavior because it can damage the childs sense of reliance. He believed healthy personality is illustrated by biophilia, love, creativity and reason. ( Ewen 195-196) These characteristics compromise the productive frame of orientation. The nonproductive frames include narcissism, necrophilia, dependence, compulsive strivings for power or wealth and the mechanisms of escape. Fromm had four other nonproductive orientations that he devoted a great deal of attention to. These were receptive, exploitative, hoarding and marketing. Three of these orientations can be loosely compared to Freuds oral-dependent, oral-sadistic and anal character without the sexual implications. Freud and Fromm both believed that dreams are the royal road to the unconscious. ( Ewen 198) Fromm agreed with Freud that dreams could serve the purpose of wish fulfillment, that the days events set them off, and that a person may conceal truths in different ways. While both men believed in dream symbols, Freud believed most dreams involved childhood sexual impulses and Fromm regarded many symbols as asexual. Fromm believed that dreams could have obvious and undisguised meanings that did not have to involve childhood conflicts. To understand Fromms approach to clinical diagnosis, his theory of character must first be understood. His theory of character development was that humans are distinguished from other animals by a larger neocortex with fewer instincts. Character shapes human instinct. Human survival is not merely a matter of physical survival, humans are social animals who must relate to others, and they are spiritual animals who must infuse their lives with meaning in order to function. Humans require a sense of hope to keep from turning off. They also require caring adults in the early years to be teachers that teach them to control their fears and passions and live in harmony with others. Religion both sacred and secular can give meaning to life and give a sense of identity and rootness. Fromm accepted Freuds definition of mental health saying that it is the capacity for love and productive work. Fromm also agreed with Freud in saying that psychopathology represents a difference in degree, rather than in kind. Fromm states that besides pathogenic behaviors that neurosis is often caused by the culture in which one lives. He says that neurosis consists of a conflict between two opposing forces. Which is when our healthy innate drives toward self-realization and independence are blocked by parental or societal influences. Freud states that neurosis invariably begins in infancy and childhood, however it may not become evident until much later in life. Some causes of neurosis is a lack of physical affection, overindulgence or

How do young people from ethnic minorities negotiate their identities Essay

How do young people from ethnic minorities negotiate their identities in relation to their media representations - Essay Example In Richard Dyer’s essay The White Man’s Muscle, he talks about stereotypes that have been enforced connecting as far back as the Greek era, and that now dominate film and television basically promoting the superiority of white masculinity. Body hair is animalistic; hair ­lessness connotes striving above nature. The climax of Gli amori di Ercole has Hercules fighting a giant ape, who has previously behaved in a King Kong-ish way towards Herculess beloved Dejanira, stroking her hair and when she screams making as if to rape her; close-ups contrast Herculess smooth, hairless muscles with the hairy limbs of this racist archetype. (Dyer) Here Dyer points out how the uppermost echelon of masculinity is equated with shaven white muscle, through its very contrast to that of hair apes, who are historically associated with blackness. He acknowledges the racist aspects of this archetype, but also gives notice to the private boys’ club-like tradition that has formed from this prejudice. This same ideal of exclusion is expressed in Gamy Robson’s Millwall Football Club: Masculinity, Race and Belonging in which the author points out how Millwall Football Club is a devout fan base-community that excludes those who aren’t born within it and those of different races. In western culture, muscular bodies are associated with much leisure time, discipline, and affluence. Dyer also makes the Christian connection that a muscular body connotes pointing out the ideal of finding salvation or purity through the experience of pain. He points out that historically body building culture has been an equal opportunity medi um when he says, Bodybuilding as an activity has a relatively good track record in terms of racial equality. From the 1950s on, non-white men - and especially those of African descent - became major figures in bodybuilding competitions. Yet the dominant images of the built body remain