The Effect Of Salinity On Water Salinity - 1302 Words

Salinity, is a measure of the amount of salt dissolved in the water. Usually measured in parts per thousand. It largely depends on the body of water considered. For example, it is typically between 34 and 37 parts per thousand for sea water (1). A dangerous salinity depends on the specific water considered. Brine waters are associated with a 50 ppt salinity. Thus, this salinity is considered dangerous for sea water. Salt in the sea comes from rocks on land. Ground water salinity is quite important as it’s the main source of the water we drink. Its salinity has been raising because the rain that falls on the land contains some dissolved carbon dioxide from the surrounding air (2). Rain water penetrates the rock layers and eventually†¦show more content†¦pH levels exceeding 8.3 are stressful to most marine animals. pH also has an impact on a process called calcification. Calcification increases with pH rise (4). The monitoring of the acidity and basicity of the liquids disposed in the ocean by factories and research facilities on the long term might allow the control of the pH levels. Turbidity represents the clarity of water. It is affected by the amount of phytoplankton, clay, slit, minerals or even algae, suspended in the water. The more opaque the water is, the higher its turbidity. It is measured in nephelometric units NTUs using a turbidimeter or nephelometer (6). Acceptable ranges for streams are 25 NTU and for lakes and reservoirs 50 NTU. High turbidity levels can cause health issues such as increasing the possibility for waterborne diseases. They can also cause environmental problems especially that higher turbidity means less light penetrating. Thus, leading to less photosynthesis for aquatic plants (7). This can be reduced by decreasing urban runoff and implementing better treatment techniques for sewage treatment and discharge plants. Just like the name indicates, dissolved oxygen DO, is the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. It is measured in mg O2/L. The main source for the dissolved oxygen is the aquatic plants that carry out photosynthesis. Therefore, its levels vary a lot within one day due to light availability (8). Normal

The Glass Menagerie By Tennessee William - 1185 Words

The play â€Å"The Glass Menagerie,† written by Tennessee William in 1945, recounts around a family trying to escape the limitations of time and their difficulties coping with life. The main character Tom is the man of the house watching over his mother and sister since his dad left. He is to stay home and fulfill the duties of working at a warehouse but his dream is to leave and be adventurous. Laura, Tom’s sister viewed as crippled and stuck in the present of her disability and shyness stopping her from doing things in her life. Amanda, Tom’s mother lives in a world that is sensitively bound to the past. William portrays Amanda, Tom’s mother lives in the world that is sensitively bound to her past life. She stays talking about herself younger and pretty getting gentleman callers. In the play Amanda states, â€Å"This is the dress in which I led the cotillion. Won the cakewalk twice at Sunset Hill, wore one spring to the Governor’s ball in Jackson! See how I sashayed around the ballroom, Laura? I wore it on Sundays for my gentlemen callers! I had it on the day I met you father—(6,412-13).† Amanda can never fairly remove herself from the past to arrange the stipulations with the course of life in the current events or what that present promise for the future. Since the past dominates the present, the future is invalid in malice of her worries for Laura’s future. She suggest that Tom finds a gentleman caller at the warehouse for Laura. In the play Amanda states, â€Å"Find out one that’sShow MoreRelatedThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams9 85 Words   |  4 Pageshardly catch it going. ¨ This quote by the author of The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams, describes both The Glass Menagerie, a memory play, and the life of Tennessee Williams himself, for whom memories played a large role in his life. Within the play, many parallels can be drawn between the life of Williams and the life of Tom, the main character, such as a disdain for factory work. In addition, several characters in The Glass Menagerie have a difficult time fitting into the roles that theirRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams was a renowned Pulitzer Prize-winning playwriter for his numerous plays throughout his career. One of such plays is The Glass Menagerie. After perfecting his play for many years, The Glass Menagerie was first introduced to Broadway on March 31, 1945. As a young writer, Williams lived vicariously through his plays. Throughout this play in particular, there are severa l allegories that pertain to Williams life. Although Williams had a relatively happy childhood, his life changedRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams986 Words   |  4 PagesTennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie, is a classic drama about a young man who is tired of his dull and boring existence. Tom, the main character, struggles to deal with his family, who is apparently holding him back in life. With the use of powerful writing techniques, Williams is able to captivate his audience and create a play that has stood the test of time. An excellent writing technique employed by Williams that contributes to The Glass Menagerie’s success is his use of plot. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams932 Words   |  4 Pages THE GLASS MENAGERIE Name Instructor Institution Course Date The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, the author in the play †The Glass Menagerie† that is based on his life that presents characters that, as caught animals in an cage, live in woeful states and just wish to unravel themselves from this state (Fisher, 2010). The primary clash in the story emerges through their longing to encounter a different world, but their condition opens them to life s unforgiving realities. LifeRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1249 Words   |  5 Pagesthe outside world The Glass Menagerie is very interesting because William s play relates to alot of people and their situations, people can learn alot from it alot whether they connect to Amanda and her past or to Laura and her lack of confidence and being in a world of her own or to Tom and his internal conflict about abandoning his family or staying with them. Laura s life is all about her glass menageries what happens when her glass unicorn breaks? What happens when a gentlemanRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1619 Words   |  7 PagesIsolation is prevalent in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† by Tennessee Williams. This is presented in symbols such as blue roses and the glass unicorn, for they are imagined objects and only existent in another fantasy world. Williams incorporates such arcane symbols to draw out his characters, Amanda, Laura, and Tom, and how they cope with confinement. Most importantly, the symbols of the play represent how isolation debilita tes them psychologically in an attempt to connect with reality. The jonquils representRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee William1014 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† of Tennessee William, he wrote a drama play to emphasize readers about the life is at a standstill the Wingfield family. Through of the Wingfield family, he uses many symbols which represent many things, but the important main symbolization is fire escape that shows three main characters; Tom Wingfield, his fire escape is the way out of Amanda and Laura. Amanda Wingfield, hope gentlemen callers to enter their lives, and Laura Wingfield, who wants in her own worldRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Tennessee Williams, born Thomas Lanier Williams, wrote The Glass Menagerie, a play which premiered in Chicago in 1944. This award winning play, autobiographical in nature, represented a time in which Williams felt the obligation of his responsibilities in regards to the care of his family. Robert DiYanni, Adjunct Professor of Humanities at New York University, rated it as, â€Å"One of his best-loved plays...a portrayal of loneliness among characters who confuseRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesIn Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie, there is a collection of glass animal figurines that belong to Laura. Laura uses those figurines to escape her reality. The â€Å"glass menagerie† is also a metaphor because all of the characters have a metaphorical glass menagerie that they use to escape their reality. Tom escapes his reality by going to the movies, drinking, and writing poetry. Tom says, â€Å"I go to the movies because – I like adventure†¦ something I don’t have much of at work† (Williams 33)Read MoreThe Glass Menagerie By Tennessee Williams867 Words   |  4 Pagesdraw the line between getting what you want and doing what you are obligated to do? In The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, the main characters are torn between fulfilling their desires and aligning with their role in society. On the surface, Amanda Wingfield plays the role of a caring mother that would do anything in her children’s best interest. However, according to the play, â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, you should never be fooled by the â€Å"Illusion of the truth.† She indeed values her children’s

Face to Face Survey Technique-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Evaluate the face to face method, which you have chosen, to analyse Full Service Carrier (FSC) and Low Cost Carrier (LCC) airlines. Answer: The importance of survey in conducting a research can never be undermined. There is no point in stating the fact that the survey conduction is the most effective way of carrying out a research, simply because it helps in representing the perspectives of the general population at large, and is extremely cost-effective (Fowler 2013). For the completion of the present research, the face to face survey method, otherwise popularly referred to as the personal interview method has been chosen. A face to face survey method is the traditional method of conducting a survey where the interviewer physically travels to meet the respondents as per their convenience, and record the immediate responses of the interviewees on the spot. There are two ways of conducting the face to face survey- the one in which the interviewer selects the respondents and meet them at their preferred locations, and the second one in which he randomly selects the respondents from the crowd (Duncan and Fiske 2015). Despit e the huge popularity of the online and mobile surveys, the face to face survey technique has been preferred because of the possibility of recording high response rates in the cheapest possible way, and also because it facilitates better observation of the behaviour of the respondents. In this context, it would also be interesting to discuss and critically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using the method, as experienced in the concerned research method. Advantages of Using the Face to Face Survey Technique: Greater Availability of Data: First of all, unlike online surveys which would usually cost huge amount of money for recording the response of larger number of respondents, in this case, the interviewer could approach anyone and everyone, and almost from each one could the response be easily obtained without incurring much expense (Nandi 2015). Reliability of Data: Besides, the reliability of the data obtained was also highly advantageous, in this context. It should be noted that a research completely relies on the use of authentic data, and online surveys often lead to misrepresentation of facts and falsification of data that can easily (Neuman 2016). However, the face to face survey method enables the interviewer to verify the authenticity of the demographic information provided by the respondents. Insight into the Verbal and Non-Verbal Ques: The non-verbal ques such as a sharp look, a sigh, a subtle smile on the face, can also help in understanding the perspectives of the interviewers. The face to face survey method enables the interviewer meet the interviewee in person, and interacts with him. Consequently, he can also deduce much data from the gestures and demeanour of the respondents, even when they do not say everything. To keen observation of the respondents emotions and behaviours have proved to be largely beneficial. Flexibility of the Research Process: The face to face survey method is highly flexible. The respondents are present right in front of the interviewer, and each of the responses can be analysed, reflected and clarified on the spot only. In case, the response were not clear, because of the close-ended nature of the survey questions, the open ended questions were being instantly used, to gain an insight into the situation easily (Bishop and Verleger 2013). Disadvantages of Using the Face to Face Survey Technique: Higher Cost: Although as compared to the online surveys, the face to face survey turned out to be cheaper, yet there is no doubt I stating the fact that this form of survey involved travelling to different locations as per the convenience of the respondents. Hence, it did involve higher expenditure than the paper-pencil questionnaire. Personal cost was higher in case of the survey technique. Quality of the Data: Since the interviewer and the researcher was one person only, the interviewer often tended to become biased, and tried to manipulate the response of the respondents. The objectivity of the respondents could not be maintained at all times, and that might have affected the quality of the data. Limited Sample Size: The sample size was largely limited, and there were areas which required further attention, and new respondents needed to be selected, as it became necessary to conduct several interviews over multiple areas (Rossi et al. 2013). However, since this would imply higher cost, the interviewer had to be content with the limited size of data. Manual Data Entry: Since the face to face survey method involves the use of paper questionnaire, the data analysis method turns out to be difficult. This is simply because the data entry process as well as the process of scanning the questionnaire manually would not only consume much time, but would also increase the cost (Allen and Seaman 2013). A data entry personnel had to be hired, and mobile surveys on I Pads could easily cut down the expense on manual data entry part. The administration method was more or less successful. Since this was the first time, the interviewer was conducting a survey he had problems in formulating the exact questions that could link the same to the research aims and objectives. Initially, some of the research questions failed to address the research objectives in an effective way, and hence the interviewer started asking a few open-ended questions, to clarify the doubts and elucidate the responses. However, some of the respondents felt offended and started leaving, as they found the interview extending twenty minutes. Some of the respondents found the questions ambiguous, and their doubts were being completely solved. However, those who had no clear idea regarding the survey topic took longer time, approximately 5 minutes, to answer each question. However, since the interviewer was present in person at the time of recording the data, the problems of missing data, illegible handwriting or even ambiguous markings were comple tely eliminated. In order to improve the administration procedure in future, it would be recommended that the interviewer does not randomly initiate the research method, but rather takes time to explain the scenario and each research question to each participant individually (Meerkerk et al. 2015). The respondents should be incentivized enough so that they do not respond to the research questions half-heartedly, but rather feel motivated to respond to the research questions. The interviewer can offer rewards, such as a shopping gift voucher or a free movie ticket, depending on the preferences of the research respondents. It is also important to note that a few changes in the questionnaire can help in improving the experience of the respondents, as well as gather the most relevant data needed for the research. Ease and Simplicity of the Language: The use of a few technical jargons made it difficult for the laymen to decipher the meaning of the research questions. Hence, the research questions will be written in a simplified and elaborate way, so that the laymen can also easily comprehend the meaning and purpose of each question. Space for Additional Response: It is possible that even after provided response to the close-ended questions, the respondents are willing to clarify their comments, or justify their responses by writing further. Hence, beside the space offered for response to each research question, the questionnaire should provide additional space for further response. Complex Question should be Split: It often happens that the response to the research questions are not directly connected to the research aims and objectives, Hence, it becomes difficult to deduce any logical data useful for the research from the recorded responses (Rea and Parker 2014). Hence, the research questions, in case are complex, should be broken down and split into four or five simple questions. The same thing will be done for the lengthy questions as well. Arrangement of the Questions in Proper Order: Each of the questions should be put in a logical and analytical proper form, so that the respondents can easily comprehend what data is exactly the researcher trying to obtain. Besides, the questions should be simple and easy at the beginning, so that the respondent does not get intimidated. Reflection on the Lessons Learnt: The face to face survey has helped me develop and enhance my research skills in a considerable way. I have been able to learn the process of approaching the respondents, fixing a location, and extracting the response to the selected research questions from the respective respondents. However, I learnt one important thing that I need to improve my interpersonal communication skills. I am more of a shy and withdrawn person, who encounters problems in approaching people and obtaining the relevant information from them. Hence, I need to enhance my communication skills. I also realized that it is important to incentivize the respondents as well, and to offer them a general idea regarding what the research is exactly about. While undertaking the survey, I also realized that it is important to assure the respondents regarding the anonymity of the research data. I will also need to overcome the problem of interviewer bias, that is, I should not, through my words or actions, unintentionally i nfluence respondents to answer in a particular way so as to favour my research findings. Student name(s): Checklist item Satisfactorily addressed (Yes or No) Notes related to the item Are simple words used? Almost Is the language vague? Partially Are the questions overly short? No Are the questions easy to understand? Yes Are the questions leading? Yes Are the questions ambiguous? No Is any objectionable language used? No Did the questions talk down to respondents? No Are two questions asked within a single question? Yes Are there any unnecessary questions? No Is the questionnaire layout appealing? Not particularly Is the questionnaire layout easy to follow? Yes Are the instructions easy to understand? To an extent Is there a logical flow to the questions? No General comments: I will need to put the questions in a logical and analytical proper form, so that the respondents can easily comprehend what data is exactly the researcher trying to obtain. Further, I would also require to make the language simplistic and break dwon the jargosn into easy terms. Finally, the layout also needs to be improved as well, so that it can be bright, attractive and appealing enough. Reference List: Allen, I.E. and Seaman, J., 2013. Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group. Retrieved August 5, 2016.Computers Education,69, pp.431-451. Bishop, J.L. and Verleger, M.A., 2013, June. The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. InASEE National Conference Proceedings, Atlanta, GA(Vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 1-18). Duncan, S. and Fiske, D.W., 2015.Face-to-face interaction: Research, methods, and theory(Vol. 3). Routledge. Fowler Jr, F.J., 2013.Survey research methods. Sage publications. Nardi, P.M., 2015.Doing survey research. Routledge. Neuman, W.L., 2016.Understanding research. Pearson. Rea, L.M. and Parker, R.A., 2014.Designing and conducting survey research: A comprehensive guide. John Wiley Sons. Rossi, P.H., Wright, J.D. and Anderson, A.B. eds., 2013.Handbook of survey research. Academic Press. Van Meerkerk, I., Edelenbos, J. and Klijn, E.H., 2015. Connective management and governance network performance: the mediating role of throughput legitimacy. Findings from survey research on complex water projects in the Netherlands.Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy,33(4), pp.746-764.

Juvenile delinquency however as a field of study Essay Example

Juvenile delinquency however as a field of study Paper Various theories have been proposed to explain the cause of juvenile delinquency, this have ranged from the logical to the most basic and instinctive. Juvenile delinquency however as a field of study is a relatively modern development, in the past, societies punished juvenile offenders as if they were nothing more than young criminals. This practice was based on the thinking that the causes of delinquency are not any different from the causes of criminal action and should be punished as such. Scholars have tried to explain why juveniles engage in criminal deviance; early theories were founded on superstition and myth, while the classical school of thought emphasized rational personal choice. As societies became more complex, theoretical models of delinquency reflected the societies understanding of its environment and its biases in that particular time. We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile delinquency however as a field of study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile delinquency however as a field of study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile delinquency however as a field of study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Biological theories of juvenile delinquency have existed for many centuries and although some of its claims are contentious, it had gained scientific credence along the way. For us to have a deeper understanding of delinquency, we must also investigate contemporary contexts and the past for we gain insight from previous constructs. Moreover, biological theories give us an alternative way of understanding delinquency, albeit in a deterministic way. Biological theories of juvenile delinquency refer to the effect of inherited physical traits on human behavior. The different concepts present a deterministic explanation of delinquency and criminality and hold that some people are â€Å"naturally born criminals† with physical qualities that govern their deviant tendencies. These qualities include genetic, biological, biochemical profiles that theoretically cause or have a strong effect upon one’s predisposition for deviant behavior (Martin, 2005). The implication of biological theories to delinquency is that free will or personal choice of the individual is only secondary; rather it is the internal physical characteristics of the individual that causes deviant behavior. Biological theories of causes of delinquency include physiognomy, phrenology, atavism, heredity and somatotyping. Physiognomy posits facial characteristics were deemed to be indicators of moral character, so that an honest appearance may gain more trust than a dishonest appearance. The theory of phrenology states that the brain is the source of all personality, including deviant personality. It is said that lumps, bumps, indentations, protuberances and other cranial features were considered to be indicators of brain development. The theory of atavism postulates that criminals could be identified by primitive physical anomalies present at birth, however it states that it does not determine criminality but are indicators of criminal predisposition. Heredity has also played a major role in explaining delinquent behavior, especially in inquiries related to the occurrence of criminality in families. The theory states that deviance is genetically encoded in those born into a family group that has deviant traits. A modern development in the theory of heredity is chromosome theory, it is believed that individuals who commit crimes carries with them an extra Y chromosome or the super male syndrome, it was found that males with the extra Y were more common in prisons rather than in the society (Jacobs, 1965). Somatotyping is another revision of an older theory on body types, this sought to identify certain body types that are more likely to be found among offenders, of the three body types, Sheldon found that mesomorphs (people who are muscular, sinewy, narrow in the waist and hips, and broad shouldered) were found to be juvenile delinquents. The biological theories on juvenile delinquency tried to explain the causes of delinquent behavior, as such it has been in a limited way because it does not account for personal choice or the individual. But this is really the thrust of the biological theories; it removes personal accountability for one’s actions and instead is governed by the internal processes and characteristics of one’s body. The biological theories gave me an opportunity to think at how myopic our view of human behavior was in the past, but nevertheless it also displays man’s ingenuity in searching for answers. In real life however, there is truth in the claims of the biological theories, like when we seem to feel good about children who are pleasant looking, and why we shun children who are not. There is even almost this stereotype that juvenile delinquents resemble mesomorphs in body types, and that we often hear people say that children are sometimes born evil? Thus, it can be said that even if biological theories are outdated and needs to be scientific, it nevertheless is a tool to broaden our understanding of delinquency. References Canter, Rachelle. (1982). Family Correlates of Male and Female Delinquency. Criminology 20:149-67. Howell, J.C. 2003a. Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Framework. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Jacobs, P., Brunton, M., Melville, M.M., (1965). Aggressive behavior, mental subnormality, and the XYY male. Nature, 208, 1351-1352 Martin, G. (2005). Juvenile Justice SAGE Publications, Inc.

SEO Essay

SEO Essay SEO Essay Browser Tutorial SEO - Search Engine Optimization - (en) (extkey: browser_tut_seo_en) Browser Tutorial SEO - Search Engine Optimization - (en) Browser - TYPO3 without PHP SEO - Search Engine Optimization - for the Browser - TYPO3 without PHP. This is the tutorial for SEO only. Version: 4.6.2 - 2013-09-19 Extension Key: browser_tut_seo_en Language: en Keywords: forAdmins, forIntegrators, forDevelopers, browser, typo3, without, php, seo, search engine optimization Copyright 2013, Dirk Wildt, Die Netzmacher, This document is published under the Open Content License available from opencontent.org/opl.shtml The content of this document is related to TYPO3 - a GNU/GPL CMS/Framework available from www.typo3.org 1 Browser Tutorial SEO - Search Engine Optimization - (en) (extkey: browser_tut_seo_en) Table of Contents Browser Tutorial SEO - Search Engine Optimization (en) ....................................................................... 1 Introduction ........................................................... 3 What does the Tutorial do? ..................................................... 3 SEO upto version 4.5 .............................................. 5 Deprecated ............................................................................ 5 Non supported from version 5.x ............................................... 5 Page object, SEO and _LOCAL_LANG ....................................... 5 SEO from version 4.6 ............................................. 4 Change Log ........................................................... 8 SEO Dynamic Tag 2 is recommended ....................................... 4 Illustration Index ................................................... 9 2 Browser Tutorial SEO - Search Engine Optimization - (en) (extkey: browser_tut_seo_en) Introduction What does the Tutorial do? This is a tutorial for the extension Browser (extkey: browser). It is only a step-by-step introduction for optimizing your website for search engines (SEO) If you are interested in other issues, please note the section "Further Informations" below. 3 Browser Tutorial SEO - Search Engine Optimization - (en) (extkey: browser_tut_seo_en) SEO from version 4.6 From version 4.6 the search engine optimization is delegated to the extension SEO Dynamic Tag 2. The cause is: SEO Dynamic Tag 2 is easier to configure. SEO Dynamic Tag 2 supports the canonical tag. The Browser SEO modul -based on SEO Dynamic Tag 1 – will still exist upto the Browser version 5.x SEO Dynamic Tag 2 is recommended See SEO Dynamic Tag 2 http://typo3.org/extensions/repository/view/seo_dynamic_tag 4 Browser Tutorial SEO - Search Engine Optimization - (en) (extkey: browser_tut_seo_en) SEO upto version 4.5 The Browser has an integrated modul for search engine optimization (SEO). The modul stores data in registers, you can configure this data and use it whiole runtime. Deprecated From version 4.6 the search engine optimization is delegated to the extension SEO Dynamic Tag 2. The cause is: SEO Dynamic Tag 2 is easier to configure. SEO Dynamic Tag 2 supports the canonical tag. Non supported from version 5.x The Browser SEO modul will still exist upto the Browser version 5.x Page object, SEO and _LOCAL_LANG TypoScript You find the TypoScript code in res/tutorial_07/step_01.txt 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. page { config { noPageTitle = 2 } headerData.20 = TEXT headerData.20 { data = register:browser_htmlTitleTag ifEmpty.field = title wrap = { field data = register:browser_keywords } } } Line 3: We don't want any page title. From

Carlsberg Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Carlsberg - Assignment Example Basically, there are various factors that shape the international business environment. For instance, factors such as economic, political as well as cultural differences that might exist between the parent company’s country and the country of the foreign operation may significantly impact on the operations of a particular organization in a different environment. Thus, organizations operating in foreign countries need to design an effective entry strategy that can enable it to operate viably in this environment. Against this background, this essay seeks to evaluate the question of how the international business environment influences the corporation’s business strategy and operations This essay is based on the case study of Carlsberg and it seeks to establish the reasons for this company’s failure to enter China for the first time around the early 2000. The paper looks at how factors such as the difference between Western and Eastern values impact on the operation s of an organization in a foreign country. In order to establish the reasons why Carlberg’s emerging markets strategy failed to materialise in China in the early 2000s, it is imperative to begin by giving the company’s historical background. According to the case study given, Carlsberg is the fifth largest brewing company in the world. The core business of this company is related to brewing, marketing and selling beer. The company was established in 1847 in Denmark. The company currently has more than 33Â  000 employees and it operates in more than 75 countries. Due to maturing and stagnation of western European beer markets, the company underscored to embark on the emerging markets strategy in order to capitalise on the opportunities available in emerging markets such as China. However, it has not been that rosy for the company during the early 2000s as it faced some challenges in a bid to establish itself as a force to reckon with in the Chinese market. The ownershi p structure of the organization contributed to the difficulties if faced in attempting to finance its operations. The Carlsberg Foundation was supposed to have a 51 % stake. The other factor that contributed to the challenges that were faced in the beer industry in the mid 2000s is the aspect related to rising production costs as well as increasing competition from wine and spirits. The other issue that contributed to challenges faced by breweries is related to consolidation of the industry where the number of actors significantly declined. The issue of consolidation significantly impacted on the endeavours by Carlsberg to penetrate the Chinese market. After entering into a 50/50 joint venture with a Thai company Chang Beverages Pte ltd, the newly incorporated market CAL faced fierce competition in the beer industry in the South East China. There were disagreements which made CAL to breach the contract and this attracted a heavy lawsuit against it. The other challenge that was faced by Carlsberg is that the people in the western part of China were very poor though they contributed about one third of the total population. However, Carlsberg’s presence in western parts of China was through joint ventures since it did not have a fully owned brewery. This greatly helped it to embark on its strategy to penetrate emerging markets. There are different factors that characterise Western vs Eastern business environments and it should be noted that these have an influence on the success of a brewery especially in an emerging market. For instance, the consumption patterns of beer in the Eastern market are booming compared to the European markets that that are now saturated. Economies in emerging markets such as China are strong and they significantly influence the behaviour of the consumers towards beer. According to Mintel report obtained from (http://www.mintel.com/press-centre/press-releases/882/china-beer-consumption-hits-the-50-billion-litre-mark-for-first-tim e-in-2011, 2012, China is the largest beer market in the world and research shows that the country’

Ir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ir - Essay Example Mr Johnson has admitted that the people have a just point when they complain. The claim that the rebels represent Islam, but Muslim theologians say they do not follow the teachings of Islam. An Islamic theological institute, Al-Azhar in Egypt, has strongly denounced the abductions, saying it â€Å"completely contradicts the teachings of Islam and its tolerant principles.† President Johnson has admitted the country is struggling, but his wife has told the group they are just playing games. The report states that the government is corrupt. Boko Haran only has a few hundred men, yet the Nigerian army seem powerless. The kidnappings have taken place just before the World Economic Forum on Africa, with 6,000 troops deployed for security, so this is an embarrassment for the president. The delegates may be kept secure, but the army cannot protect its own vulnerable people safe, so how can it hope to attract investment. This is written from a very personal viewpoint of the ‘It could have been me’ as the reporter had travelled as a student on the very same ferry route to that where tragedy recently struck. He describes how there was no thought of possible danger and that the ship was just a giant playground for the school children. The incident is described as a preventable accident, and from this the writer sees lessons which can be learnt. The ship was very overloaded and the cargo was not properly secured so it moved about, affecting the stability of the ship. The captain had left the ship in the charge of a very inexperienced mate, and this resulted in only two life boats being used and many lives lost. He describes the fury of the Korean public that the captain was among the first to leave the ship. This isn’t the only image of Korea he insists, and gives the example of a Korean crash in San Francisco where stewardesses carried injured passengers to safety. The difference